Tsaunuka Masu Aaman Wuta, da Tasirinsu ga Muhalli (2)

Sai nau’i na biyu, wanda ke samuwa sanadiyyar afkawar wani faranti a saman wani, mai haifar da ninkewar wasu farantan a sanan wasu, har su yi toroko a doron wannan kasar tamu, su zama tsauni. Nau’in tsaunin da ke samuwa ta wannan hanya shi ake kira Fold Mountain a Kimiyyance. A Hausar zamani kana iya kiransa da suna ‘Ninkakken Tsauni’. Domin haka sifarsu take; a tattare a waje daya, wani a saman wani. Irin wannan nau’in tsauni shi ma yana nan birjik a duniya. Babban misali da zan iya kawowa yanzu shi ne na wadanda ke warwatse a garuruwan Jura da Zagros na kasar Iran. Su ne shahararrun nau’in Ninkakken Tsauni da ake misali da su a duniya. Nau’i na karshe kuma shi ne wanda ke samuwa sanadiyyar riftawar wani bangaren farantin karkashin kasa, tare da barin dayan bangaren a tsaye. Wannan ke haifar da samuwar tsauni nau’in Block Mountain a Kimiyyance, ko kuma ka ce ‘Dunkulallen Tsauni’ a Hausance. Ire-iren wadannan tsaunuka a tsaye su ke caras, tare da samuwar kwari a gefensu; abin da ke nuna alamar riftawar wani bangaren faranti ne daga dan uwansa. Wadannan, a takaice, su ne nau’ukan tsaunuka guda uku da ake da su a duniya a yanzu; ba su da na hudu.
Tsaunuka Masu Aman Wuta (Volcanic Mountains)
Kamar yadda bayanai suka gabata, nau’ukan tsaunuka masu aman wuta su ne wadanda suka samu sanadiyyar gibi a tsakanin farantan kasa guda biyu. Wanda kuma ke aman wuta lokaci-lokaci. Su kansu sun kashi zuwa kashi uku ne, dangane da yanayin aman da suke yi. Nau’i na farko su ne wadanda suke yin amai a-kai-a-kai, babu kakkautawa. Ko dai a dukkan shekara, ko bayan shekaru bibbiyu, ko kuma bayan shekaru biyar-biyar ko duk wata tazarar da ba mai tsawo bane a zamaninsu. Idan tsauni yayi suna wajen yawan amai a-kai-a-kai, akan kira shi da suna Active Volcano. Watau “Rayayyen Tsauni mai Aman Wuta” kenan, a Hausar zamani. Idan daga baya ya daina amai, bayan ya shahara da amai na tsawon lokaci, to akan kira shi Extinct Volcano a Kimiyyance. Watau “Mataccen Tsauni mai Amai”. A karo na uku, idan bayan ya daina na tsawon zamani ko shekaru masu dimbin yawa, har an yanke kauna an kuma daina tsammanin zai sake amai, sai ya ci gaba da amai kamar yadda yake yi a baya, shi kuma akan kira shi Dormant Volcano; ko kace “Farfadadden Tsauni mai Amai”.
A iya binciken Malaman Kimiyyar Kasa, an kasa bambacewa tsakanin nau’in Extinct Volcano da kuma Dormant Volcano. Domin sau tari an sha samun wasu tsaunukan da suka daina amai, aka yanke kauna da za su kara yi, sai kawai ga shi sun ci gaba da amai. Babban misali shine wani tsauni mai suna Fourpeaker Volcano da ke Lardin Alaska ta kasar Amurka. Wannan tsauni, a iya tarihi, ya shekara sama da shekaru dubu goma bai sake amai ba. Wannan ta sa aka cire shi daga sahun nau’ukan tsaunuka masu rai, zuwa matattu, watau Extinct. Cikin shekarar 2007, watan Satumba, sai ya farfado, ya ci gaba da amai. Wannan tasa masana suka ce tsaunuka masu amai nau’i biyu ne kawai; ko dai masu cikakken rai ne, watau Active, ko kuma masu sumewa ne su sake farfadowa, watau Dormant.
Bayan haka, akwai wasu tsaunuka masu aman wuta da suka shahara a duniya sanadiyyar barnar da suke yi a duk sadda suka yi amai. Wadannan tsaunuka dai guda goma sha shida ne, kuma galibinsu suna Yammaci ne ko Gabashin duniya. Masana sun sanya musu lakabi da “The 16 Decade Mountains”. Abin da wannan lakabi ke nufi a ma’anance dai shi ne: “Tsaunuka Sha Shida Masu Aman Wuta da Suka fi Hadari”. Wadannan tsaunuka a halin yanzu suna warwatse ne a kasashe guda goma sha uku. Kasashen dai su ne: kasar Rasha, da Meziko, da Jafan, da Italiya, da Kolombiya, da Amurka, da Indonesiya, da Jamhuriyar Kwango (watau tsohuwar Zayar kenan), da Gwatemala, da Girka, da Filifin, da Andalus (watau Spain), sai kuma kasar Papua New Guinea. Wadannan su ne kasashen da ke dauke da tsaunuka masu aman wuta da suka fi kowanne zama hadari idan suka fara amai, sanadiyyar mummunar ambaliyar tafasasshen kunun dutse da suke yi, mai haddasa mummunar illa ga garuruwan da ke makwabtaka da su, ko kuma muhallin da suke.
Tsaunukan Kasar Iceland
Kasancewar wannan lamari na toka mai guba da ya haddasa mummunar hasara ga kasashe da kamfanonin jiragen sama ya samo asali ne daga kasar Iceland, na ga dacewar gabatar da dan takaitaccen bayani kan wannan kasa, da adadin tsaunuka masu aman wuta da take dauke dasu, da kuma tsarin aman da suke yi, lokaci-lokaci. Hakan zai taimaka wa mai karatu wajen fahimtar yanayi da kuma dalilan da suka sa hasarar ta yawaita, da kuma dalilan da suke haddasa yawaitan aman da tsaunukan da suke yawan yi a-kai-a-kai.
Kasar Iceland dai tsibiri ce; ma’ana, a gewaye take da teku, daga dukkan bangarorinta. Kuma an kafa kasar ne tun shekarar 874AD, watau shekaru sama da dari biyar kenan ya zuwa yanzu. Wannan kasa na sarkafe ne a tsakiyan daya daga cikin manyan tekunan duniya da ake ji da su, watau tekun Atlantika. Kuma kamar yadda muke da farantai a karkashin kasar da muke takawa ko rayuwa a kanta, haka ma a karkashin tekunan duniya akwai ire-iren wadannan farantai, ko Plates. Bayan haka, Tsibirin Iceland na dore ne a daidai inda farantan kasan tekun suke makwabtaka da juna; tsakanin farantan da suka taso daga Arewacin Amurka, suka yi kudu (watau North American Plates), da kuma wadanda suka taso daga Nahiyar Turai, suka yi Arewa (watau Eurasian Plates).
Zaman Tsibirin Iceland a wannan muhalli ya sa ta samu kanta a “mabubbugan kunun dutse mai haddasa aman tsauni”, watau Volcanic Hotspots. Wannan tasa har wa yau Tsibirin ya wayi gari a matsayin kasar da tafi kowace kasa yawan tsaunuka masu aman wuta a duniya. Kididdiga sun nuna cewa akwai tsaunuka masu aman wuta guda dari da talatin (130) a kasar Iceland. Cikin wannan adadi, bincike ya nuna cewa guda goma shatakwas ne kadai suka yi amai ya zuwa yanzu. Wannnan a iya sanin masu bincike kenan. Allah kadai ya san yaushe sauran suka daina, bayan tsawon lokacin da suka dauka suna yi, kafin wannan zamani. Manyan tsaunuka guda biyu da suka yi amai kwanan nan su ne tsaunin Fimmvorouhab, wanda ya dauki tsawon kwanaki ashirin da biyu yana amai (daga ranar 20 ga watan Maris, zuwa 12 ga watan Afrilu), sai kuma tsaunin Eyjafjallajokull (ana furutu shi da: Aya-fyatla-jo-kult), wanda shi kuma ya dauka daga ranar 14 ga watan Afrilu, har zuwa karshen watan. Wannan tsaunin karshen ne ya haddasa samuwar wannan toka mai guba da bayanansa ke tafe. To me da me suke fitowa daga cikin tsauni, a yayin da ya fara amai?
Abubuwan da Tsauni ke Amayarwa
Idan aka ce tsauni na amai, to dole ne a samu abin da yake amayarwa. Tabbas kalmar da ta shahara a fassarar Hausa ita ce: “aman wuta”, to amma wuta ne kadai tsaunin ke amayarwa, ko kuwa wasu abubuwa ne masu haddasa samuwar wutar a inda aman ya samu? Wannan tasa muka kebance wannan sashe don bayyana wasu cikin shahararrun abubuwan da tsauni ke yin amansu. Kada a mance, mun riga mun yi bayanai kan dalilan da ke haddasa aman a baya, ba sai mun sake maimaitawa ba. A yanzu ga wadannan bayanai nan a fayyace.
AMSOSHIN WASIKUN MASU KARATU TA TES

Assalaamu Alaikum, na karanta shafinka na “Kimiyya da Kere-kere” a cikin jaridar AMINIYA. Allah Ya kara hazaka. Don Allah a taimaka mani da wasu bayanai masu alaka. Ga adireshin Imel dina: yunusayunusa43@yahoo.com. Daga Yunusa Hussaini, Samaru, Zaria.
Malam Yunusa mun gode da addu’a. Kai ma Allah kara maka hazaka da juriyar kasancewa tare damu. Dangane da bukatarka, na rasa me zan aika maka, musamman ganin cewa dukkan abin da nake rubutawa a wannan fanni ne ake bugawa a shafin. Sai dai idan kana da bukatar kasidun da suka gabata a baya ko shekarun baya, kana iya zuwa shafin Makarantar Kimiyya da Fasahar Sadarwa da ke http://fasahar-intanet.blogspot.com, ko wanda muka kebe don zuba kasidun Kimiyya da Fasahar Kere-kere, da ke http://kimiyyah.blogspot.com. Duk kasidun da da ke bayyana a wannan shafi suna can a taskance. Da fatan ka gamsu.
Assalaamu Alaikum, Malam Abdullahi yaya kokari? Tambayata ita ce: in har Malaman Kimiyya da Fasaha a wajensu komai ya faru, akwai abin da ya haddasa shi, ba Allah ba, to wai me za su ce, ko me suka ce dangane da masu tsafi, wanda ke hada wani abu sai wani abu ya tashi; ba kuma a kimiyyance suke yi ba? Daga Khaleel Nasir Kuriwa, Kiru, Kano: 07069191677
Malam Khaleel barka da kokari. Hakika har yanzu dai basu yarda da ire-iren wadannan abubuwa ba, kuma ba su kididdige su a matsayin wata ci gaba ta ilimi a fannin Kimiyya. Kamar yadda kai ma ka kira su da “matsafa”, haka su ma suke kiransu. A turance sukan kira su “magicians”. Su malaman kimiyya suna da wasu ka’idoji ne da suke bi wajen bincike, masu basu irin sakamakon da suke bukata dangane da kowane irin yanayi. A tsarinsu, duk wani bincike da bai da asali daga wadannan ka’idojin, to ba su bashi wata kima. Da fatan ka gamsu.