Nasabarsa
da Karatunsa
Shi
ne Abu 'Ali, Al-Hasan ibn Al-Hasan, ibn Al-Haytham, Al-Basari. An haife shi ne a garin Basra na kasar Iraki,
a shekara ta 354 bayan Hijira, wanda yayi daidai da shekarar 965 milidiyya
kenan. An fi saninsa da lakabin Ibn
Al-Haytham a tsakanin Malaman Musulunci da marubuta tarihinsu, ko kuma Alhazen,
kamar yadda Turawa suka saba kiransa. Marubuta tarihinsa sun sha bamban wajen
tabbatar da kabilarsa; Balarabe ne ko dan kabilar Farisa? Wannan ya faru ne
saboda yadda aka samu gamewa tsakanin Larabawa da Farisawa a kasar Iraki na
lokacin da aka haife shi, sanadiyyar tasirin Musulunci da kasancewar biranen
Bagadaza da Basra daular mulkin Kalifofin Banul Abbas a wancan lokaci. Ya fara karatu a birnin Basra, daga nan ya
karasa birnin Bagadaza don ci gaba da karatun addini, kamar yadda yake al'adar
mutane a wancan lokaci. Bayan yayi nisa
da karatu sai ya kai ziyara garin Buyid na kasar Iran a yau, inda yayi aikin
gwamnati na dan takaitaccen lokaci. A
can ne har ya wa yau ya shagaltar da kansa da karatun fannin tauhidi, da kuma
wasu fannonin ilmin kimiyya. Wannan shi
ne matakin farko da Ibn Al-Haytham ya taka wajen kwarewa a fannin ilmin
kimiyya.
Bayan
wasu 'yan shekaru sai yayi bulaguro zuwa birnin Al-Kahira na kasar Masar, inda
Gwamnan Fatimiyyah na wancan lokaci mai suna Al-Haakim bi Amrillah ya dauke shi
aiki na musamman don killace kogin Nil da ke birnin. Ya bukace shi ne, a matsayinsa na masanin
kimiyyar gine-gine, da ya samo hanyar da za a bi wajen datse ruwan da ke kwarara
daga Kogin Nil, don samar da madatsin ruwa na musamman a Aswan, inda a halin
yanzu ake da madatsin ruwa. Da ya buga
ya ga ba zai iya ba, kuma saboda tsoron kaidin wannan Gwamna, sai ya shiririce
karfi da yaji, kamar ya zama mahaukaci. Nan take aka killace shi a wani daki,
da sunan ana masa magani. Amma cikin
dabara yana ta rubuce-rubucensa babu wanda ya sani. Domin a lokacin da ya nuna bazai iya wancan
aiki ba karara, nan take Gwamnan na iya sa a kashe shi. A haka yaci gaba da zama a wannan kurkuku,
daga shekarar 1011 har zuwa lokacin da Allah ya karbi rayuwar wannan Gwamna a
shekarar 1021 miladiyya. Daga nan aka
sake shi. A wannan zama da yayi a
kurkuku ne ya samu dama da lokacin rubuta shahararren littafinsa mai suna Kitaabul
Manaazir, ko The Book of Optics, kamar yadda yake fassare yanzu
cikin harshen Turanci.
Bayan
tsira daga wannan Gwamna sai ya nausa kasar Sham (Syria), daga can ya sake
nausawa Daular Andalus, watau Islamic Spain kenan a wancan lokaci. Cikin
wannan bulaguro nashi yayi karatu wajen malamai da dama, sannan ya samu
daman rubuce-rubuce kan fannonin ilmin addini da kimiyya bila adadin. Cikin wannan lokaci ne yayi rubutu kan
fannoni irin su Fiziya, da Sararin Samaniya, da Lissafi, da fannin bincike kan
tsarin haske (Optics), da fannin likitanci, da kuma sababbin hanyoyin gudanar
da binciken kimiyya, watau Modern Experimental Scientific Methods. Marubuta tarihin Ibn Al-Haytham sun
tabbatar da cewa wannan shi ne lokacin da ya kasance cikin ganiyar kwarewarsa,
musamman a fannin ilmin kimiyya da lissafi.
Daga
nan ya sake dawowa birnin Al-Kahira na kasar Masar cikin shekarar 1038
miladiyya, inda ya shagaltar da kansa wajen fadada bincikensa kan ilmin
kimiyya, yana mai kusantar da kansa da babbar jami'ar musulunci ta farko, wato
Al-Azhar, da kuma babbar cibiyar binciken ilmi na Daular Musulunci da ke
Al-Kahira mai suna Daarul 'Ilm. Wannan
cibiyar bincike na musamman ta shahara sosai, kusan fiye da wadda ke birnin
Bagadaza a wancan lokaci.
Daga
cikin manyan dalibansa akwai Abul Wafaa, Mubaashir ibn Al-Faatek, wato
shahararren masanin fannin lissafin nan na kasar Masar. Ya zauna da shi tsawon lokaci, inda ya koyi
nau'uakn ilmin kimiyya da dama, har ya shahara a fannin lissafi. Wannan ke nuna yadda Ibn Al-Haytham ya
lazimci birnin Al-Kahirah da kasar Masar, a lokacin bulaguronsa.
Gudummawa
ga Al'umma
Tabbas,
wajibi ne a sanya sunan Abu 'Ali Ibn Al-Haythan a duk sadda aka zo kididdige
sunayen gwarazan da suka yi tasiri mai girman gaske wajen ci gaban al'umma baki
daya, musamman a karnin da yayi zamani.
Wadanda suka rubuta tarihinsa sun tabbatar da cewa ya rubuta littattafai
wajen 200, amma saboda tasirin zamani da lokaci, wadanda suka riske mu basu
wuce guda 55 ba. Littattafan duk a
harshen larabci suke, daga baya ne aka fara fassara su zuwa harshen Latin, da
wasu kadan da aka fassara zuwa harshen Turanci.
Wani abin sha'awa shi ne, duk masana fannin kimiyyar wannan zamani da
sauran zamunnan da suka gabata sun yi ikirarin tasirin rayuwar Ibn Al-Haytham
kan fannin ilmin kimiyya a duniya baki daya, musamman wajen gina ka'idojin ilmi
ingantattu masu taimakawa wajen tabbatar da kowane irin ilmi ne.
A
fannin ilmin haske ya assasa ka'idoji masu yawan gaske. Wannan na dunkule ne cikin shahararren
littafin nan nasa mai suna Kitaabul
Manaazir, wanda aka fassara shi zuwa harshen Turanci, wato The Book of
Optics. Wannan littafi yayi tasiri
sosai, musamman wajen zama turba ga wadanda suka biyo baya a wannan fanni mai
muhimmanci. Idan masu karatu basu mance ba, mun tsawaita bayani kan wannan
littafi a shahararriyar kasidarmu mai take: Samuwar Haske da Yanayinsa a
Kimiyyance. Bayan haka, ya samar da
ka'idar ilmi kan fannin ilmin haske ta la'akari da tasirin madubin gani
(Mirror). Wannan fannin ilmi shi ake kira Catoptrics. Sannan rubuce-rubucensa sun yi tasiri mai
girman gaske kan masana fannin kimiyya irin su Averroes, da shahararren masanin
musuluncin nan mai suna Kamaalud Deen Al-Faarisi, da kuma Taqee'ud Deen, daya
daga cikin masana a daular Usmaniyya na kasar Turkiyyya. Sannan Ibn Al-Haytham ne ya assasa mahangar
kimiyya tabbatacciya, wacce har yanzu ake dogaro a kanta, dangane da abin da ya
shafi asali da samuwar Bakan Gizo, watau Rainbow kenan.
A
daya bangaren kuma, ya samar da ka'idojin binciken kimiyya wadanda har yanzu
ake ji da su, watau Scientific Methodologies. Ya kuma fadada bincike a fannin ilmin
falsafa, inda ya gano kura-kurai masu dimbin yawa da ke cikin ra'ayoyin masana
fannin falsafa, irin su Aristatalis, da Aflato da sauransu. A bangaren fannin lissafi shi ne ya samar da
Ka'idar Lambobi a cikin lissafi, watau The Number Theory, ya kuma fadada
fannin lissafi da ake kira Geometry, ko Jometiri. Ya samar da ka'idojin kimiyya a bangaren
Injiniyanci, da bangaren ilmin kasa, watau Geography. Bayan haka, masana fannin kimiyyar
sararin samaniya na wannan zamani sun baiwa wani bangare na jikin Wata sunansa,
watau Alhazen, don nuna gamsuwa da irin kwazonsa da kuma taimakon da ya
baiwa fannin ilmin Sararin Samaniya, watau Astronomy.
Ibn
Al-Haytham mutum ne mai son ilmi da karatu da kuma karantarwa. Mutum ne mai
tsananin son ibada da neman kusanci ga Allah mahaliccinsa. Ga abin da yake cewa cikin daya daga cikin
rubutunsa:
"A
kullum bukata ta ita ce neman ilmi da kuma kokarin fahimtar inda gaskiya
take. Kuma ni abin da na yarda da shi
shi ne, babu wata hanya mafi kusanci ga Ubangiji da samun karuwar hasken imani
a zuciyar bawa, irin neman ilmi da kokarin fahimtar gaskiya."
Allah ya karbi rayuwarsa cikin watan
Maris na shekarar 1040 miladiyya, watau cikin shekarar 430 kenan bayan Hijira,
a birnin Al-Kahairah. Ya yi rayuwa na
tsawon shekaru 76 a duniya. A yanzu
shekarunsa 1,003 kenan da rasuwa. Allah
ya rahamshe shi, ya kuma sanya Aljanna ce makomarsa, amin.
WASU DAGA CIKIN SAKONNINKU
Assalaamu
alaikum, Malam Abban Sadik, wai su 'yan Dandatsa (Hackers) suna da wani shafin
yanar sadarwa ne da za ka iya shiga don ganin manufofinsu? - Khaleel Nasir Kuriwa, Kiru, Kano.
Wa
alaikumus salam Malam Khalil, lallai 'yan dandatsa suna da shafinsu na musamman
sosai kuwa, inda za kaje ka ga manufofinsu. Babban shafinsu na wannan rariyar,
sai ka shiga: http://hope94.hope.net Sai dai wani abu da ya kamata ka sani shi ne,
galibin jawabinsu ba lale bane ka iya fahimtar abin da suke yi. Suna magana ne cikin zaurance. Idan kana bukatar sanin dabi'unsu da duk abin
da ya shafe su, to, ka shiga Google sai ka rubuta: "Hackers", ko
"Crackers", za ka samu bayanai masu dimbin yawa kan haka. Da fatan an gamsu.
Assalaamu
alaikum Baban Sadik, ina yi maka barka da kokari. Bayan haka, ina biye da kai kan irin abubuwan
da kake tattaunawa a filinka na Kimiyya da Kere-kere duk mako a jaridar Aminiya,
kuma muna karuwa kwarai da gaske. Ina
fatan Allah ya kara budi amin. Bayan haka, kwana biyu ka daina amsa tambayoyin
masu karatu ta tes ko ta Imel. Ka huta
lafiya, na gode. – Yusuf Muhammad
Gagarawa, Jigawa.
Wa
alaikumus salaam, Malam Yusuf Muhammad ka min hakuri, watau abubuwa ne suke
mini yawa a galibin lokuta, kamar yadda na tabbata ka karanta a kasidar da ta
gabata mai taken: "Tuna Baya…"
In Allah yaso zan canza tsari zuwa yadda aka saba iya gwargwado. Da fatan za a gafarce ni, kamar yadda na
bukata lokacin waiwaye adon tafiya.
Salam
Baban Sadik, don Allah ina son a yi mini bayanin kalmomin "GSM" da
"MTN". Na gode. – Yunusa Zariya.
Wa
alaikumus salaam, cikakkiyar ma'anar "GSM" ita ce: "Global
System of Mobile Communications."
Kalmar "MTN" kuma na nufin: "Mobile Telephone
Network." Da fatan an gamsu. Na gode.
No comments:
Post a Comment